Netherlands

v0.1 · 2022–2024 · 6/6 axes

Composite Score

ISI Composite

0.3352

Moderately Concentrated

Cohort Rank

15 / 27

Less concentrated than 56% of cohort

Axes Coverage

6 / 6

All axes available

Cohort Mean: 0.3444 · Δ -0.0092

Position in Cohort Distribution

Netherlands's composite score relative to the EU-27 cohort.

Multi-Axis Profile

Deviation from Cohort Mean

Bars show deviation from cohort composite mean (0.3444). Red = above mean. Green = below mean.

Axis

−0.30EU Mean+0.30

ScoreΔ Mean

Financial External Supplier Concentration

0.1211−0.2233

Energy External Supplier Concentration

0.3199−0.0245

Technology External Supplier Concentration

0.1253−0.2191

Defense External Supplier Concentration

0.9596+0.6152

Critical Inputs External Supplier Concentration

0.1302−0.2142

Logistics External Supplier Concentration

0.3549+0.0105

Structural Exposure Summary

Netherlands records a composite ISI of 0.3352, classified as Moderately Concentrated (rank 15 of 27). Structural exposure is led by Defense Industrial Dependency (0.9596) and Logistics / Freight Dependency (0.3549), which together represent the primary concentration vectors. The lowest axis score is Financial Sovereignty at 0.1211, indicating relative diversification in this domain and a score below the cohort composite mean. The 0.8385 spread between the highest and lowest axes signals an uneven exposure profile across domains.

Most Diversified (Lowest HHI)

Financial External Supplier Concentration0.1211

Technology External Supplier Concentration0.1253

Most Concentrated (Highest HHI)

Defense External Supplier Concentration0.9596

Logistics External Supplier Concentration0.3549

Axis 1

Financial External Supplier Concentration

0.1211Unconcentrated

Netherlands scores 0.1211 on financial sovereignty (unconcentrated). This reflects the concentration of inward banking claims and portfolio debt holdings across foreign creditor countries.

Audit Breakdown

Channel A Concentration

0.1404

Channel A Volume

965.92K

Channel B Concentration

0.1015

Channel B Volume

954.37K

Score

0.1211

Basis

Both

Channels

Ch. A: Banking Claims Concentration

30 partners

BIS — International Banking Statistics · Bank for International Settlements

Top Partners

25.5%

21.0%

9.9%

9.5%

6.2%

5.5%

4.3%

3.3%

2.9%

2.1%

Other

25.5%

21.0%

9.9%

9.5%

6.2%

Other

18.1%

Ch. B: Portfolio Debt Concentration

IMF — Financial Statistics · International Monetary Fund

Warnings

◆ [Medium]BIS creditor coverage gap: non-BIS-reporting countries absent as creditors; concentration may be biased upward.
◆ [Medium]IMF CPIS participation is voluntary; China does not participate. Portfolio debt concentration may understate true exposure.
● [Low]Partial overlap between Channel A (bank claims) and Channel B (portfolio debt securities held by banks).
● [Low]Croatia (HR) absent from Channel B (IMF CPIS). Score reduces to Channel A only.

Axis 2

Energy External Supplier Concentration

0.3199Moderately Concentrated

Netherlands scores 0.3199 on energy dependency (moderately concentrated). This reflects the concentration of fossil fuel imports (gas, oil, solid fossil fuels) across supplier countries.

Channels

Ch. gas: Natural Gas Import Concentration

58 partners

Eurostat — Natural Gas Trade · European Commission, Eurostat

Top Partners

34.2%

21.0%

13.4%

34.2%

21.0%

13.4%

Other

13.4%

Ch. oil: Oil Import Concentration

885 partners

Eurostat — Oil Trade · European Commission, Eurostat

Ch. solid_fossil: Solid Fossil Fuel Import Concentration

66 partners

Eurostat — Solid Fossil Fuels Trade · European Commission, Eurostat

Top Partners

50.0%

Fuel Concentrations

Gas

0.3368

Oil

0.2771

Solid Fossil

0.3267

Warnings

◆ [Medium]Pipeline gas and LNG not separated. A country importing 50% pipeline gas from Russia and 50% LNG from multiple sources scores as if partially diversified.
◆ [Medium]Re-exports and transit flows may distort bilateral attribution across all fuel types.
● [Low]No price or contract-duration effects captured. Volume-based concentration only.

Axis 3

Technology External Supplier Concentration

0.1253Unconcentrated

Netherlands scores 0.1253 on technology/semiconductor dependency (unconcentrated). This reflects the concentration of semiconductor imports across supplier countries.

Audit Breakdown

Channel A Concentration

0.1176

Channel A Volume

51.52B

Channel B Concentration

0.1330

Channel B Volume

51.52B

Score

0.1253

Basis

Both Channels

Channels

Ch. A: Aggregate Supplier Concentration

189 partners

Eurostat Comext — Detailed Trade Statistics · European Commission, Eurostat

Top Partners

23.2%

13.5%

11.2%

10.7%

9.7%

6.7%

5.1%

3.9%

3.6%

3.2%

Other

23.2%

13.5%

11.2%

10.7%

9.7%

Other

22.5%

Ch. B: Category-Weighted Supplier Concentration

Eurostat Comext — Detailed Trade Statistics · European Commission, Eurostat

Subcategories

Category	HHI	Volume
Legacy Discrete	0.3148	2.85B
Legacy Components	0.2108	393.81M
Integrated Circuits	0.1216	48.28B

Warnings

◆ [Medium]Re-export blindness: bilateral trade records shipping country, not country of origin.
● [Low]Trade concentration does not capture domestic fabrication capacity.
● [Low]HS 8542 at HS4 aggregate: integrated circuits not decomposed into subcategories.
● [Low]Intra-EU trade included: EU partners appear as suppliers (by design).
● [Low]Three-year window (2022–2024) may include pandemic-era distortions.

Axis 4

Defense External Supplier Concentration

0.9596Highly Concentrated

Netherlands scores 0.9596 on defense industrial dependency (highly concentrated). This reflects the concentration of major conventional arms imports across supplier countries.

Audit Breakdown

Channel A Concentration

0.9473

Channel A Volume

3.05K

Channel B Concentration

0.9718

Channel B Volume

3.05K

Score

0.9596

Basis

Both Channels

Channels

Ch. A: Aggregate Supplier Concentration

10 partners

SIPRI Arms Transfers Database · Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)

Top Partners

97.3%

0.6%

0.5%

0.4%

0.3%

0.2%

0.1%

0.0%

97.3%

0.6%

0.5%

0.4%

Other

0.6%

Ch. B: Capability-Block Weighted Concentration

SIPRI Arms Transfers Database · Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)

Subcategories

Category	HHI	Volume
Air Power	0.9951	2.76K
Land Combat	0.2071	61.64
Air Missile Defense	1.0000	0.72
Naval Combat	0.6005	58
Strike Missile	1.0000	155.1
Isr Support	0.9616	9.18

Warnings

◆ [Medium]SIPRI TIV is a volume indicator, not a financial value. Comparability across weapon types is approximate.
◆ [Medium]SIPRI covers major conventional weapons only. Small arms, ammunition, MRO, and sustainment contracts are excluded.
● [Low]Six-year delivery window (2019–2024) may include legacy contracts not reflecting current strategic posture.
● [Low]Regex-based weapon classification may cause edge-case misclassification across capability blocks.
● [Low]Countries with no bilateral SIPRI supplier entries are assigned score=0 (zero external concentration). This reflects licensed production, joint EU procurement, or domestic manufacturing.

Axis 5

Critical Inputs External Supplier Concentration

0.1302Unconcentrated

Netherlands scores 0.1302 on critical inputs dependency (unconcentrated). This reflects the concentration of critical raw material imports across supplier countries.

Audit Breakdown

Channel A Concentration

0.0882

Channel A Volume

16B

Channel B Concentration

0.1722

Channel B Volume

16B

Score

0.1302

Basis

Both

Channels

Ch. A: Aggregate Supplier Concentration

115 partners

Eurostat Comext — Detailed Trade Statistics · European Commission, Eurostat

Top Partners

16.4%

14.9%

11.6%

9.8%

7.8%

5.0%

4.5%

3.0%

2.7%

Other

16.4%

14.9%

11.6%

9.8%

7.8%

Other

19.7%

Ch. B: Material-Group Weighted Supplier Concentration

Eurostat Comext — Detailed Trade Statistics · European Commission, Eurostat

Subcategories

Category	HHI	Volume
Rare Earths	0.4418	49.73M
Battery Metals	0.1450	8.73B
Defense Industrial Metals	0.2075	4.79B
Semiconductor Inputs	0.2284	1.45B
Fertilizer Chokepoints	0.1450	976.51M

Warnings

▲ [High]Re-export and entrepot masking: bilateral trade records shipping country, not origin. 13 of 27 reporters source >50% from EU partners.
◆ [Medium]Small-economy amplification: CY, MT, LU produce mechanically high HHI values due to low total import volumes.
◆ [Medium]CN8 scope covers upstream materials only. Midstream processing and downstream products excluded. China's role understated.
● [Low]Confidential trade suppression: Q-prefix partner codes excluded. May cause underestimation for some partners.

Axis 6

Logistics External Supplier Concentration

0.3549Moderately Concentrated

Netherlands scores 0.3549 on logistics/freight dependency (moderately concentrated). This reflects the concentration of international freight across transport modes and bilateral partners.

Audit Breakdown

Channel A Concentration

0.3450

Channel A Volume

2.85M

Channel B Concentration

0.3788

Channel B Volume

1.18M

Score

0.3549

Basis

Both

Channels

Ch. A: Transport Mode Concentration

Eurostat — Statistical Database · European Commission, Eurostat

Ch. B: Partner Concentration Per Transport Mode

50 partners

Eurostat — Statistical Database · European Commission, Eurostat

Top Partners

70.0%

44.8%

40.3%

11.7%

7.9%

5.0%

3.5%

3.0%

2.8%

1.9%

70.0%

44.8%

40.3%

11.7%

7.9%

Other

16.1%

Subcategories

Category	HHI	Volume
Road	0.3702	1.11M
Rail	0.5093	72.93K

Warnings

▲ [High]Entrepot/hub masking: NL and BE scores understate their systemic importance as continental freight hubs; countries trading through NL/BE have inflated partner concentration masking true origin.
◆ [Medium]Geographic determinism: MT (Channel A HHI = 1.0), CY, and landlocked countries have structurally constrained scores reflecting geography, not policy choices.
◆ [Medium]Maritime-energy overlap: maritime tonnage includes energy commodity transport, creating partial redundancy with Axis 3 (Energy).
◆ [Medium]Tonnage blindness: all freight is treated equally per tonne regardless of commodity type; strategic commodity differentiation is absent.
● [Low]No route/chokepoint data: the axis cannot detect Suez, Bosporus, or any physical corridor dependency.

Cite: Drazsky, S., & International Sovereignty Institute. (2026). International Sovereignty Index (ISI) — EU-27 Founding Cohort (v1.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18764170

Category

HHI

Volume

Legacy Discrete

0.3148

2.85B

Legacy Components

0.2108

393.81M

Integrated Circuits

0.1216

48.28B

Category

HHI

Volume

Air Power

0.9951

2.76K

Land Combat

0.2071

61.64

Air Missile Defense

1.0000

0.72

Naval Combat

0.6005

Strike Missile

1.0000

155.1

Isr Support

0.9616

9.18

Category

HHI

Volume

Rare Earths

0.4418

49.73M

Battery Metals

0.1450

8.73B

Defense Industrial Metals

0.2075

4.79B

Semiconductor Inputs

0.2284

1.45B

Fertilizer Chokepoints

0.1450

976.51M

Category

HHI

Volume

Road

0.3702

1.11M

Rail

0.5093

72.93K