Axis 3

Technology External Supplier Concentration

Concentration of semiconductor imports across supplier countries, with category-level decomposition.

Version v0.1Status: FrozenUnit: EurMaterialized: Yes

Cross-EU Statistics

Countries Scored

out of cohort (EU-27)

Min (Most Diversified)

0.0976

Germany

Max (Most Concentrated)

0.5870

Ireland

Mean

0.2108

Cohort average

Std Deviation

0.0946

Cross-country dispersion

Range

0.4893

Max − Min spread

Score Distribution — Technology External Supplier Concentration

Distribution of HHI scores across all scored cohort countries for this axis.

Data Sources & Channels

This axis is computed from 2 data channel(s). Each channel represents a distinct trade-flow or supplier concentration dataset.

Ch. A: Aggregate Supplier Concentration

Eurostat Comext — Detailed Trade Statistics

Publisher: European Commission, Eurostat

Dataset: ds-045409

Reference: ec.europa.eu

Retrieval: Retrieved February 2026

EU external trade in goods — detailed CN8/HS6 bilateral data.

Ch. B: Category-Weighted Supplier Concentration

Eurostat Comext — Detailed Trade Statistics

Publisher: European Commission, Eurostat

Dataset: ds-045409

Reference: ec.europa.eu

Retrieval: Retrieved February 2026

EU external trade in goods — detailed CN8/HS6 bilateral data.

Known Limitations & Warnings

[Medium]Re-export blindness: bilateral trade records shipping country, not country of origin.
[Low]Trade concentration does not capture domestic fabrication capacity.
[Low]HS 8542 at HS4 aggregate: integrated circuits not decomposed into subcategories.
[Low]Intra-EU trade included: EU partners appear as suppliers (by design).
[Low]Three-year window (2022–2024) may include pandemic-era distortions.

Country Rankings — Technology External Supplier Concentration

1.IrelandIE

0.5870

Δ +0.3762Highly Concentrated● Outlier

2.SloveniaSI

0.3574

Δ +0.1466Moderately Concentrated● Outlier

3.RomaniaRO

0.2969

Δ +0.0861Moderately Concentrated

4.BelgiumBE

0.2945

Δ +0.0838Moderately Concentrated

5.AustriaAT

0.2606

Δ +0.0498Moderately Concentrated

6.LithuaniaLT

0.2417

Δ +0.0309Mildly Concentrated

7.EstoniaEE

0.2271

Δ +0.0163Mildly Concentrated

8.HungaryHU

0.2254

Δ +0.0146Mildly Concentrated

9.CyprusCY

0.2244

Δ +0.0136Mildly Concentrated

10.SlovakiaSK

0.2165

Δ +0.0057Mildly Concentrated

11.PolandPL

0.2085

Δ −0.0023Mildly Concentrated

12.MaltaMT

0.2055

Δ −0.0053Mildly Concentrated

13.LuxembourgLU

0.2002

Δ −0.0106Mildly Concentrated

14.FinlandFI

0.1979

Δ −0.0129Mildly Concentrated

15.PortugalPT

0.1977

Δ −0.0131Mildly Concentrated

16.SpainES

0.1926

Δ −0.0182Mildly Concentrated

17.CzechiaCZ

0.1824

Δ −0.0284Mildly Concentrated

18.CroatiaHR

0.1734

Δ −0.0373Mildly Concentrated

19.GreeceEL

0.1627

Δ −0.0481Mildly Concentrated

20.BulgariaBG

0.1520

Δ −0.0587Mildly Concentrated

21.DenmarkDK

0.1500

Δ −0.0608Unconcentrated

22.ItalyIT

0.1410

Δ −0.0698Unconcentrated

23.LatviaLV

0.1331

Δ −0.0777Unconcentrated

24.NetherlandsNL

0.1253

Δ −0.0855Unconcentrated

25.FranceFR

0.1200

Δ −0.0908Unconcentrated

26.SwedenSE

0.1198

Δ −0.0910Unconcentrated

27.GermanyDE

0.0976

Δ −0.1132Unconcentrated

#	Country	Score	Δ Mean	Classification	Outlier
1	IrelandIE	0.5870	+0.3762	Highly Concentrated	●
2	SloveniaSI	0.3574	+0.1466	Moderately Concentrated	●
3	RomaniaRO	0.2969	+0.0861	Moderately Concentrated	—
4	BelgiumBE	0.2945	+0.0838	Moderately Concentrated	—
5	AustriaAT	0.2606	+0.0498	Moderately Concentrated	—
6	LithuaniaLT	0.2417	+0.0309	Mildly Concentrated	—
7	EstoniaEE	0.2271	+0.0163	Mildly Concentrated	—
8	HungaryHU	0.2254	+0.0146	Mildly Concentrated	—
9	CyprusCY	0.2244	+0.0136	Mildly Concentrated	—
10	SlovakiaSK	0.2165	+0.0057	Mildly Concentrated	—
11	PolandPL	0.2085	−0.0023	Mildly Concentrated	—
12	MaltaMT	0.2055	−0.0053	Mildly Concentrated	—
13	LuxembourgLU	0.2002	−0.0106	Mildly Concentrated	—
14	FinlandFI	0.1979	−0.0129	Mildly Concentrated	—
15	PortugalPT	0.1977	−0.0131	Mildly Concentrated	—
16	SpainES	0.1926	−0.0182	Mildly Concentrated	—
17	CzechiaCZ	0.1824	−0.0284	Mildly Concentrated	—
18	CroatiaHR	0.1734	−0.0373	Mildly Concentrated	—
19	GreeceEL	0.1627	−0.0481	Mildly Concentrated	—
20	BulgariaBG	0.1520	−0.0587	Mildly Concentrated	—
21	DenmarkDK	0.1500	−0.0608	Unconcentrated	—
22	ItalyIT	0.1410	−0.0698	Unconcentrated	—
23	LatviaLV	0.1331	−0.0777	Unconcentrated	—
24	NetherlandsNL	0.1253	−0.0855	Unconcentrated	—
25	FranceFR	0.1200	−0.0908	Unconcentrated	—
26	SwedenSE	0.1198	−0.0910	Unconcentrated	—
27	GermanyDE	0.0976	−0.1132	Unconcentrated	—

● Outlier: country score deviates > 1.5σ from mean (0.1419).

Interpretive Boundaries

This axis measures structural concentration (HHI-based) in the technology external supplier concentration domain. It does not capture:

Qualitative resilience or substitutability of suppliers
Political risk or geopolitical alignment of trade partners
Temporal trends or year-over-year trajectory
Intra-EU vs. extra-EU supplier concentration decomposition

High concentration ≠ high vulnerability. Contextual interpretation required.

← Back to Overview

Axis 3

Technology External Supplier Concentration

Concentration of semiconductor imports across supplier countries, with category-level decomposition.

Version v0.1Status: FrozenUnit: EurMaterialized: Yes

Cross-EU Statistics

Countries Scored

out of cohort (EU-27)

Min (Most Diversified)

0.0976

Germany

Max (Most Concentrated)

0.5870

Ireland

Mean

0.2108

Cohort average

Std Deviation

0.0946

Cross-country dispersion

Range

0.4893

Max − Min spread

Score Distribution — Technology External Supplier Concentration

Distribution of HHI scores across all scored cohort countries for this axis.

Data Sources & Channels

This axis is computed from 2 data channel(s). Each channel represents a distinct trade-flow or supplier concentration dataset.

Ch. A: Aggregate Supplier Concentration

Eurostat Comext — Detailed Trade Statistics

Publisher: European Commission, Eurostat

Dataset: ds-045409

Reference: ec.europa.eu

Retrieval: Retrieved February 2026

EU external trade in goods — detailed CN8/HS6 bilateral data.

Ch. B: Category-Weighted Supplier Concentration

Eurostat Comext — Detailed Trade Statistics

Publisher: European Commission, Eurostat

Dataset: ds-045409

Reference: ec.europa.eu

Retrieval: Retrieved February 2026

EU external trade in goods — detailed CN8/HS6 bilateral data.

Known Limitations & Warnings

[Medium]Re-export blindness: bilateral trade records shipping country, not country of origin.
[Low]Trade concentration does not capture domestic fabrication capacity.
[Low]HS 8542 at HS4 aggregate: integrated circuits not decomposed into subcategories.
[Low]Intra-EU trade included: EU partners appear as suppliers (by design).
[Low]Three-year window (2022–2024) may include pandemic-era distortions.

Country Rankings — Technology External Supplier Concentration

1.IrelandIE

0.5870

Δ +0.3762Highly Concentrated● Outlier

2.SloveniaSI

0.3574

Δ +0.1466Moderately Concentrated● Outlier

3.RomaniaRO

0.2969

Δ +0.0861Moderately Concentrated

4.BelgiumBE

0.2945

Δ +0.0838Moderately Concentrated

5.AustriaAT

0.2606

Δ +0.0498Moderately Concentrated

6.LithuaniaLT

0.2417

Δ +0.0309Mildly Concentrated

7.EstoniaEE

0.2271

Δ +0.0163Mildly Concentrated

8.HungaryHU

0.2254

Δ +0.0146Mildly Concentrated

9.CyprusCY

0.2244

Δ +0.0136Mildly Concentrated

10.SlovakiaSK

0.2165

Δ +0.0057Mildly Concentrated

11.PolandPL

0.2085

Δ −0.0023Mildly Concentrated

12.MaltaMT

0.2055

Δ −0.0053Mildly Concentrated

13.LuxembourgLU

0.2002

Δ −0.0106Mildly Concentrated

14.FinlandFI

0.1979

Δ −0.0129Mildly Concentrated

15.PortugalPT

0.1977

Δ −0.0131Mildly Concentrated

16.SpainES

0.1926

Δ −0.0182Mildly Concentrated

17.CzechiaCZ

0.1824

Δ −0.0284Mildly Concentrated

18.CroatiaHR

0.1734

Δ −0.0373Mildly Concentrated

19.GreeceEL

0.1627

Δ −0.0481Mildly Concentrated

20.BulgariaBG

0.1520

Δ −0.0587Mildly Concentrated

21.DenmarkDK

0.1500

Δ −0.0608Unconcentrated

22.ItalyIT

0.1410

Δ −0.0698Unconcentrated

23.LatviaLV

0.1331

Δ −0.0777Unconcentrated

24.NetherlandsNL

0.1253

Δ −0.0855Unconcentrated

25.FranceFR

0.1200

Δ −0.0908Unconcentrated

26.SwedenSE

0.1198

Δ −0.0910Unconcentrated

27.GermanyDE

0.0976

Δ −0.1132Unconcentrated

#	Country	Score	Δ Mean	Classification	Outlier
1	IrelandIE	0.5870	+0.3762	Highly Concentrated	●
2	SloveniaSI	0.3574	+0.1466	Moderately Concentrated	●
3	RomaniaRO	0.2969	+0.0861	Moderately Concentrated	—
4	BelgiumBE	0.2945	+0.0838	Moderately Concentrated	—
5	AustriaAT	0.2606	+0.0498	Moderately Concentrated	—
6	LithuaniaLT	0.2417	+0.0309	Mildly Concentrated	—
7	EstoniaEE	0.2271	+0.0163	Mildly Concentrated	—
8	HungaryHU	0.2254	+0.0146	Mildly Concentrated	—
9	CyprusCY	0.2244	+0.0136	Mildly Concentrated	—
10	SlovakiaSK	0.2165	+0.0057	Mildly Concentrated	—
11	PolandPL	0.2085	−0.0023	Mildly Concentrated	—
12	MaltaMT	0.2055	−0.0053	Mildly Concentrated	—
13	LuxembourgLU	0.2002	−0.0106	Mildly Concentrated	—
14	FinlandFI	0.1979	−0.0129	Mildly Concentrated	—
15	PortugalPT	0.1977	−0.0131	Mildly Concentrated	—
16	SpainES	0.1926	−0.0182	Mildly Concentrated	—
17	CzechiaCZ	0.1824	−0.0284	Mildly Concentrated	—
18	CroatiaHR	0.1734	−0.0373	Mildly Concentrated	—
19	GreeceEL	0.1627	−0.0481	Mildly Concentrated	—
20	BulgariaBG	0.1520	−0.0587	Mildly Concentrated	—
21	DenmarkDK	0.1500	−0.0608	Unconcentrated	—
22	ItalyIT	0.1410	−0.0698	Unconcentrated	—
23	LatviaLV	0.1331	−0.0777	Unconcentrated	—
24	NetherlandsNL	0.1253	−0.0855	Unconcentrated	—
25	FranceFR	0.1200	−0.0908	Unconcentrated	—
26	SwedenSE	0.1198	−0.0910	Unconcentrated	—
27	GermanyDE	0.0976	−0.1132	Unconcentrated	—

● Outlier: country score deviates > 1.5σ from mean (0.1419).

Interpretive Boundaries

This axis measures structural concentration (HHI-based) in the technology external supplier concentration domain. It does not capture:

Qualitative resilience or substitutability of suppliers
Political risk or geopolitical alignment of trade partners
Temporal trends or year-over-year trajectory
Intra-EU vs. extra-EU supplier concentration decomposition

High concentration ≠ high vulnerability. Contextual interpretation required.