Axis 2
Concentration of fossil fuel imports (gas, oil, solid fossil fuels) across supplier countries, volume-weighted across fuel types.
Countries Scored
27
out of cohort (EU-27)
Min (Most Diversified)
0.3019
Spain
Max (Most Concentrated)
0.4703
Denmark
Mean
0.3652
Cohort average
Std Deviation
0.0479
Cross-country dispersion
Range
0.1684
Max − Min spread
Distribution of HHI scores across all scored cohort countries for this axis.
This axis is computed from 3 data channel(s). Each channel represents a distinct trade-flow or supplier concentration dataset.
Ch. gas: Natural Gas Import Concentration
Eurostat — Natural Gas Trade
Publisher: European Commission, Eurostat
Dataset: nrg_ti_gas
Reference: ec.europa.eu
Retrieval: Retrieved February 2026
Bilateral imports of natural gas by reporting country and partner.
Ch. oil: Oil Import Concentration
Eurostat — Oil Trade
Publisher: European Commission, Eurostat
Dataset: nrg_ti_oil
Reference: ec.europa.eu
Retrieval: Retrieved February 2026
Bilateral imports of crude oil and petroleum products.
Ch. solid_fossil: Solid Fossil Fuel Import Concentration
Eurostat — Solid Fossil Fuels Trade
Publisher: European Commission, Eurostat
Dataset: nrg_ti_sff
Reference: ec.europa.eu
Retrieval: Retrieved February 2026
Bilateral imports of solid fossil fuels by reporting country and partner.
● Outlier: country score deviates > 1.5σ from mean (0.0719).
This axis measures structural concentration (HHI-based) in the energy external supplier concentration domain. It does not capture:
High concentration ≠ high vulnerability. Contextual interpretation required.